补全：worker 循环

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（每道题开头都有同一段：上面的池小工具。）

本节的手写简单池：

Pool(workers)          起 workers 个 worker 线程，各自 while True 从 queue.Queue 取任务干
p.submit(fn, x)        把 (fn, x) 放进队列
p.shutdown()           放 workers 颗毒丸(None)让 worker 收工，再 join
run_hand(fn, args, workers) → (结果之和, 处理了几个)

补全 work(q, results, lock)：反复从 q 取任务 (fn, x)，取到 None（毒丸）就 return，否则算 fn(x) 加锁存进 results。用给好的框架跑一批看结果之和。

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import concurrent.futures

def pool_sum(fn, args, workers):
    """用固定 workers 个线程的池，对每个参数跑 fn，交回所有结果之和（和与顺序无关，确定）。"""
    with concurrent.futures.ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=workers) as ex:
        return sum(ex.map(fn, args))

def pool_map(fn, args, workers):
    """池对每个参数跑 fn，map 按提交顺序回结果（顺序确定）。交回结果列表。"""
    with concurrent.futures.ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=workers) as ex:
        return list(ex.map(fn, args))

def one_future(fn, x, workers):
    """提交一个任务，交回它的 Future 的 result()。"""
    with concurrent.futures.ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=workers) as ex:
        fut = ex.submit(fn, x)
        return fut.result()

def submit_all(fn, args, workers):
    """提交全部，按提交顺序 result() 收结果（确定）。交回结果列表。"""
    with concurrent.futures.ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=workers) as ex:
        futs = [ex.submit(fn, a) for a in args]
        return [f.result() for f in futs]

def pool_peak(ntasks, workers):
    """池里一次最多几个任务在跑：worker 和任务里少的那个。"""
    return min(ntasks, workers)

def reuse(ntasks, workers):
    """跑 ntasks 个任务：线程池只建 workers 个线程复用；手写「一个任务一个线程」要建 ntasks 个。交回 (池建几个, 手写建几个)。"""
    return workers, ntasks

import queue
import threading

class Pool:
    """手写的简单线程池：几个 worker 循环从队列取任务、干完接着取；submit 提交，shutdown 放毒丸收工。"""
    def __init__(self, workers):
        self.workers = workers
        self.q = queue.Queue()
        self.results = []
        self.lock = threading.Lock()
        self.threads = [threading.Thread(target=self._work, daemon=True) for _ in range(workers)]
        for t in self.threads:
            t.start()

def _work(self):
        while True:
            job = self.q.get()
            if job is None:            # 毒丸：收工
                return
            fn, x = job
            r = fn(x)
            with self.lock:
                self.results.append(r)

def submit(self, fn, x):
        self.q.put((fn, x))

def shutdown(self):
        for _ in range(self.workers):
            self.q.put(None)
        for t in self.threads:
            t.join(timeout=2)

def run_hand(fn, args, workers):
    """用手写池跑一批任务，交回 (结果之和, 一共处理了几个)。"""
    p = Pool(workers)
    for a in args:
        p.submit(fn, a)
    p.shutdown()
    return sum(p.results), len(p.results)

def due(events, now):
    """events: [(名字, 到点时刻)]；交回到 now 为止该跑的任务名（at <= now），按名字排。"""
    return sorted(name for name, at in events if at <= now)

def run_order(events):
    """按 (到点时刻, 名字) 排出执行顺序，交回名字列表——定时任务谁先跑是确定的。"""
    return [name for name, at in sorted(events, key=lambda e: (e[1], e[0]))]

def every(period, span):
    """一个每 period 跑一次的后台任务，在 [1, span] 时间里跑几次（span // period）。"""
    return span // period

def work(q, results, lock):
    # TODO: while True: job = q.get(); job is None 就 return；否则 fn, x = job; r = fn(x); with lock: results.append(r)
    pass

def run(fn, args, workers):
    q = queue.Queue()
    results = []
    lock = threading.Lock()
    ts = [threading.Thread(target=work, args=(q, results, lock), daemon=True) for _ in range(workers)]
    for t in ts:
        t.start()
    for a in args:
        q.put((fn, a))
    for _ in range(workers):
        q.put(None)
    for t in ts:
        t.join(timeout=2)
    return sum(results)

print(run(lambda x: x * x, [1, 2, 3, 4], 2))

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输出：

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