补全：二元运算的规则

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（每道题开头都有同一段：上一站的 parser（多记了位置）、show()，和错误类 SemError——错误写成一行「原因@行:列」。）

类型只有 num / str / bool：数字是 num，字符串是 str；+ - * / 两边都是 num 得 num，+ 两边都是 str 得 str；比较运算两边同类得 bool；其余是类型不匹配。let 把名字登记进当前作用域，类型取右边；同一作用域重复 let 是重复声明；赋值要求名字已登记、右边类型等于登记的类型；if / while 的条件必须是 bool，块开新作用域。

补全 type_of 的 bin 分支：两边类型不同报错；比较得 bool；str + str 得 str；num 的四则得 num；其余报错。

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代码编辑器

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KEYWORDS = ("let", "if", "else", "while")
CMP = (">=", "<=", "==", "!=", "<", ">")

def T(src):
    toks = []
    for ln, line in enumerate(src.split("\n"), 1):
        pos = 0
        for w in line.split():
            pos = line.index(w, pos)
            if w in KEYWORDS:
                k = "KEYWORD"
            elif w[0] == '"':
                k = "STRING"
            elif w.isdigit():
                k = "NUMBER"
            elif w[0].isalpha() or w[0] == "_":
                k = "IDENT"
            else:
                k = "OP"
            toks.append((k, w, ln, pos + 1))
            pos += len(w)
    toks.append(("EOF", "", ln, pos + 1))
    return toks

class ParseError(Exception):
    def __init__(self, want, got, line, col):
        super().__init__("期待「" + want + "」遇到「" + got + "」@" + str(line) + ":" + str(col))

class Parser:
    def __init__(self, toks):
        self.toks, self.i = toks, 0

def peek(self):
        return self.toks[self.i]

def advance(self):
        self.i += 1
        return self.toks[self.i - 1]

def at(self, text):
        return self.peek()[1] == text

def expect(self, text):
        t = self.peek()
        if t[1] != text:
            raise ParseError(text, t[1] or "文件结尾", t[2], t[3])
        return self.advance()

def expect_kind(self, kind):
        t = self.peek()
        if t[0] != kind:
            raise ParseError(kind, t[1] or "文件结尾", t[2], t[3])
        return self.advance()

def program(self):
        stmts = []
        while self.peek()[0] != "EOF":
            stmts.append(self.stmt())
        return ("program", stmts)

def stmt(self):
        t = self.peek()
        if self.at("let"):
            self.advance()
            name = self.expect_kind("IDENT")
            self.expect("=")
            e = self.expr()
            self.expect(";")
            return ("let", name[1], e, name[2], name[3])
        if self.at("if"):
            self.advance()
            self.expect("(")
            c = self.expr()
            self.expect(")")
            body = self.block()
            alt = None
            if self.at("else"):
                self.advance()
                alt = self.block()
            return ("if", c, body, alt, t[2], t[3])
        if self.at("while"):
            self.advance()
            self.expect("(")
            c = self.expr()
            self.expect(")")
            return ("while", c, self.block(), t[2], t[3])
        name = self.expect_kind("IDENT")
        self.expect("=")
        e = self.expr()
        self.expect(";")
        return ("assign", name[1], e, name[2], name[3])

def block(self):
        self.expect("{")
        stmts = []
        while not self.at("}"):
            if self.peek()[0] == "EOF":
                self.expect("}")
            stmts.append(self.stmt())
        self.expect("}")
        return stmts

def expr(self):
        left = self.sum_()
        if self.peek()[1] in CMP:
            t = self.advance()
            return ("bin", t[1], left, self.sum_(), t[2], t[3])
        return left

def sum_(self):
        left = self.term()
        while self.peek()[1] in ("+", "-"):
            t = self.advance()
            left = ("bin", t[1], left, self.term(), t[2], t[3])
        return left

def term(self):
        left = self.factor()
        while self.peek()[1] in ("*", "/"):
            t = self.advance()
            left = ("bin", t[1], left, self.factor(), t[2], t[3])
        return left

def factor(self):
        t = self.peek()
        if t[0] == "NUMBER":
            self.advance()
            return ("num", int(t[1]))
        if t[0] == "STRING":
            self.advance()
            return ("str", t[1][1:-1])
        if t[0] == "IDENT":
            self.advance()
            return ("var", t[1], t[2], t[3])
        if t[1] == "(":
            self.advance()
            e = self.expr()
            self.expect(")")
            return e
        raise ParseError("表达式", t[1] or "文件结尾", t[2], t[3])

def parse(src):
    return Parser(T(src)).program()

def show(n):
    if n[0] == "num" or n[0] == "var":
        return str(n[1])
    if n[0] == "str":
        return '"' + n[1] + '"'
    if n[0] == "bin":
        return "(" + show(n[2]) + n[1] + show(n[3]) + ")"
    if n[0] == "let":
        return "let:" + n[1] + "=" + show(n[2])
    if n[0] == "assign":
        return n[1] + "=" + show(n[2])
    if n[0] == "if":
        s = "if[" + show(n[1]) + "]{" + ";".join(show(x) for x in n[2]) + "}"
        if n[3] is not None:
            s += "else{" + ";".join(show(x) for x in n[3]) + "}"
        return s
    if n[0] == "while":
        return "while[" + show(n[1]) + "]{" + ";".join(show(x) for x in n[2]) + "}"
    if n[0] == "program":
        return "|".join(show(x) for x in n[1])
    return "?"

class SemError(Exception):
    def __init__(self, msg, line, col):
        super().__init__(msg + "@" + str(line) + ":" + str(col))
        self.msg, self.line, self.col = msg, line, col

class Scope:
    def __init__(self, parent=None):
        self.vars = {}
        self.parent = parent

def declare(self, name, typ, line, col):
        if name in self.vars:
            raise SemError("重复声明「" + name + "」", line, col)
        self.vars[name] = typ

def lookup(self, name):
        s = self
        while s is not None:
            if name in s.vars:
                return s.vars[name]
            s = s.parent
        return None

def type_of(n, scope):
    if n[0] == "num":
        return "num"
    if n[0] == "str":
        return "str"
    if n[0] == "var":
        t = scope.lookup(n[1])
        if t is None:
            raise SemError("未定义「" + n[1] + "」", n[2], n[3])
        return t
    op, l, r = n[1], type_of(n[2], scope), type_of(n[3], scope)
    # TODO: 四条规则；报错用 SemError("类型不匹配「" + l + "」「" + r + "」", n[4], n[5])
    return "num"

sc = Scope()
sc.declare("rate", "num", 1, 5)
sc.declare("msg", "str", 2, 5)
out = []
for e in ["rate + 1", 'msg + "!"', "rate >= 3", "rate + msg"]:
    try:
        out.append(type_of(parse("x = " + e + " ;")[1][0][2], sc))
    except SemError as err:
        out.append(str(err))
print(",".join(out))

本次输入：

输出：

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