自己写：把两种做法的代价摆出来

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对比两种做法：每次都连表现算 vs 直接读冗余列。用计数函数数出各自要过多少行。输出两个数（用 / 隔开）。

enroll_flat（一张宽表，什么都塞在里面）
student  phone  course  teacher  room
阿岚     111    数学    王老师   A101
阿岚     111    英语    李老师   B202
小满     222    数学    王老师   A101
阿泰     333    英语    李老师   B202
小满     222    物理    张老师   C303
南风     444    数学    王老师   A101

拆开之后的三张
student(id, name, phone)          4 行
course (id, name, teacher, room)  3 行
enroll (student_id, course_id)    6 行

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代码编辑器

语言： Ctrl + Enter 运行

import sqlite3
db = sqlite3.connect(":memory:")
db.executescript("""
CREATE TABLE enroll_flat (student TEXT, phone TEXT, course TEXT, teacher TEXT, room TEXT);
CREATE TABLE student (id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, name TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE, phone TEXT NOT NULL);
CREATE TABLE course  (id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, name TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE,
                      teacher TEXT NOT NULL, room TEXT NOT NULL);
CREATE TABLE enroll  (student_id INTEGER, course_id INTEGER,
                      PRIMARY KEY (student_id, course_id));
""")
db.executemany("INSERT INTO enroll_flat VALUES (?,?,?,?,?)", [
    ("阿岚", "111", "数学", "王老师", "A101"),
    ("阿岚", "111", "英语", "李老师", "B202"),
    ("小满", "222", "数学", "王老师", "A101"),
    ("阿泰", "333", "英语", "李老师", "B202"),
    ("小满", "222", "物理", "张老师", "C303"),
    ("南风", "444", "数学", "王老师", "A101")])
db.executemany("INSERT INTO student VALUES (?,?,?)", [
    (1, "阿岚", "111"), (2, "小满", "222"), (3, "阿泰", "333"), (4, "南风", "444")])
db.executemany("INSERT INTO course VALUES (?,?,?,?)", [
    (1, "数学", "王老师", "A101"), (2, "英语", "李老师", "B202"),
    (3, "物理", "张老师", "C303")])
db.executemany("INSERT INTO enroll VALUES (?,?)", [
    (1, 1), (1, 2), (2, 1), (3, 2), (2, 3), (4, 1)])
db.execute("ALTER TABLE course ADD COLUMN cnt INTEGER")
db.execute("UPDATE course SET cnt = "
           "(SELECT COUNT(*) FROM enroll WHERE course_id = course.id)")

def counted(sql):
    hits = {"n": 0}
    db.create_function("tick", 0, lambda: hits.__setitem__("n", hits["n"] + 1) or 1)
    db.execute(sql).fetchall()
    return hits["n"]

# TODO ①：现算版 —— 从 enroll 数，条件里放 tick()
a = counted("SELECT course_id, COUNT(*) FROM enroll WHERE  GROUP BY course_id")

# TODO ②：读冗余列版 —— 从 course 读 cnt，条件里放 tick()
b = counted("SELECT name, cnt FROM course WHERE ")

print(str(a) + "/" + str(b))

本次输入：

输出：

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